A Computer Scientist Looks At Metrical Feet

by Howard A. Landman


As part of my studies in poetry and lyric-writing, I became curious about the names of various 'feet' in classical poetry theory. When I searched for the answers, either in dictionaries or on the net, all I found were partial presentations. I had to search nearly 2 dozen web pages to gather the data I've been able to accumulate, and none of them had it all. This page is my best attempt to remedy that situation.

The theory distinguishes two kinds of syllables, either called long and short, or accented and unaccented. This makes it natural to represent them in binary notation, using the digit 1 for long/accented and the digit 0 for short/unaccented. This gives 2 types of feet of length 1, 4 types of length 2, 8 types of length 3, and so on. For some patterns, certain syllables may be of either type; we represent this with the "unknown" logic value X.

For each type, there may be either a noun name (e.g. iamb) referring to the foot, or an adjective name (e.g. iambic) referring to things using or related to the foot, or both, or neither. Patterns of 4 or fewer syllables are called feet, while patterns of 5 or more syllables are called cola, but there doesn't seem to be any good justification for this distinction. Cola are usually marked off by beginning of line, end of line, or word breaks (diaeresis or caesura).


feet of length 1

Code Noun Adjective
0 ? ?
1 headless iamb
tailless trochee
?


feet of length 2

Code Noun Adjective
00 pyrrhus
dibrach
pyrrhic
01 iamb iambic
10 trochee
choree
trochaic
11 spondee spondaic


feet of length 3

Code Noun Adjective
000 tribrach tribrachic
001 anapest anapestic
010 amphibrach amphibrachic
011 bacchius bacchic
100 dactyl dactylic
101 amphimacer
cretic
cretic
110 antibacchius antibacchic
111 molossus ?


feet of length 4

Code Noun Adjective
0000 proceleus maticus
tetrabrach
proceleusmatic
0001 quartus paeon ?
0010 tertius paeon ?
0011 minor ionic
double iamb
?
0100 secundus paeon ?
0101 di-iamb
diamb
?
0110 antispast ?
0111 first epitrite ?
1000 primus paeon ?
1001 choriamb
choriambus
choriambic
1010 (ditrochee?) ?
1011 second epitrite ?
1100 major ionic ?
1101 third epitrite ?
1110 fourth epitrite ?
1111 dispondee dispondaic?


feet/cola of length 5

Code Noun Adjective
01101 dochmius ?
100 1X adonic adonic


cola of length 7

Code Noun Adjective
1001001 hemiepes ?
XX10011 ? pherecratic


cola of length 8

Code Noun Adjective
01 01 01 01 iambic tetrameter hudibrastic
10000101 ? glyconic (var.)
10010011 hemiepes ?
XX100101 ? Glyconic
XX110001 ? glyconic (var.)


cola of length 9

Code Noun Adjective
100100101 ? glyconic (var.)
XX1001011 ? hipponactean
XX1001100 ? glyconic (var.)
XX1100101 ? glyconic (var.)


cola of length 10

Code Noun Adjective
01 01 01 01 01 iambic pentameter ?
100 100 01 01 ? lesser Alcaic
XX10011001 ? glyconic (var.)


cola of length 11

Code Noun Adjective
X1 01 1 100 100 greater Alcaic? greater Alcaic
10101001010 Sapphic Sapphic
10 11 100 10 10 Sapphic Sapphic


cola of length 12

Code Noun Adjective
01 01 01 01 01 01 iambic hexameter
Alexandrine
?
11 1001 1001 01 Asclepiad ?


verses & strophes

Code Noun Adjective
010101
01011X
choliamb
choliambus
scazon
choliambic
10101001010
10101001010
10101001010
10011
Sapphic strophe Sapphic


Howard A. Landman / howard@polyamory.org
Last updated 2001 May 24